Politics
What All the Fuss is About
Submitted by Jonathan on Tue, 2010-03-09 23:15In response to my claim that the government isn't taking over health care, I was recently asked what's all the fuss about, then?
My answer: politics
(most of what follows is h/t Ezra Klein)
As Maggie Mertens recently pointed out (link) and summarized with the table at the end of this post, the current senate health care bill is remarkably similar to the bill proposed in 1993 by a moderate Republican senator (John Chafee), 19 other Republican senators, and 2 Democrats - considered the major GOP proposal at the time. Naturally, therefore, the Republicans are celebrating that the Dems some 17 years later are pushing a GOP health care bill. Not so much.
Instead, here's a sampling of what we get...
We get this from the Republican National Committee (link):
and we get commentary like this by conservative pundit Mark Steyn from the National Review (link):
I’ve been bandying comparisons with Britain and France but that hardly begins to convey the scale of it. Obamacare represents the government annexation of “one-sixth of the U.S. economy” — i.e., the equivalent of the entire British or French economy, or the entire Indian economy twice over. Nobody has ever attempted this level of centralized planning for an advanced society of 300 million people. Even the control freaks of the European Union have never tried to impose a unitary “comprehensive” health-care system from Galway to Greece. The Soviet Union did, of course, and we know how that worked out.
Annexation of 1/6 of the economy? Ezra Klein rebuts (link):
Putting aside the question of whether government regulations are the same as "annexation" (in which case, the apple I'm eating is federally annexed, and I never knew socialism could be this crisp and delicious), the regulations in question are limited to insurance being offered on the exchanges.
Why does that matter? Because the exchanges, as you can see on Page 20 of this CBO analysis, are expected to serve 25 million people by 2019. That is to say, these regulations will be limited to less than 10 percent of the market. And that 10 percent of the market will be primarily composed of the uninsured.
Why would conservatives be freaking out so extravagantly about a health bill nearly identical to their own from 17 years ago? Did the GOP propose a socialist health care bill in 1993? Were they plotting an unprecedented expansion of government, an annexation of 1/6 of the economy? No. Then what is all the fuss about?
The fuss is all about politics (Waterloo).
From Kaiser Health News (link):
| Major Provisions | Senate Bill 2009 | Sen. Chafee (R) Bill 1993 | Rep. Boehner (R) Bill 2009 |
|
Require Individuals To Purchase Health Insurance |
Yes |
Yes |
No (individuals without |
| Requires Employers To Offer Health Insurance To Employees |
Yes (above 50 employees, must help pay for insurance costs to workers receiving tax credits |
Yes (but no requirement to contribute to premium cost) |
No |
| Standard Benefits Package |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
| Bans Denying Medical Coverage For Pre-existing Conditions |
Yes |
Yes |
No (establishes high risk pools) |
| Establish State-based Exchanges/Purchasing Groups |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
| Offers Subsidies For Low-Income People To Buy Insurance |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
| Long Term Care Insurance |
Yes (sets up a voluntary insurance plan) |
Yes (sets standards for insurance) |
No |
| Makes Efforts To Create More Efficient Health Care System |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Medicaid Expansion |
Yes |
No |
No |
| Reduces Growth In Medicare Spending |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
| Medical Malpractice Reform |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
| Controls High Cost Health Plans |
Yes (taxes on plans over $8,500 for single coverage to $23,000 for family plan) |
Yes (caps tax exemption for employer-sponsored plans) |
No |
| Prohibits Insurance Company From Cancelling Coverage |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Prohibits Insurers From Setting Lifetime Spending Caps |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
| Equalize Tax Treatment For Insurance Of Self-Employed |
No |
Yes |
No |
| Extends Coverage To Dependents |
Yes (up to age 26) |
No |
Yes (up to age 25) |
| Cost |
$871 billion over 10 years |
No CBO estimate |
$8 billion over 10 years |
| Impact On Deficit |
Reduces by $132 billion over 10 years |
No CBO estimate |
Reduces by $68 billion over 10 years |
| Percentage Of Americans Covered |
94% by 2019 |
92-94% by 2005 |
82% by 2019 |
2020 Visions
Submitted by Jonathan on Sat, 2010-02-27 15:17In Nature's January 7, 2010, issue (in an opinion section called 2020 Visions):
...Nature asked a selection of leading researchers and policy-makers where their fields will be ten years from now. [Nature] invited them to identify the key questions their disciplines face, the major roadblocks and the pressing next steps.
Several of the items caught my attention. The first was the section on demographics by Joshua R. Goldstein. Recently I'd already been thinking about how demographic changes are on track to create an explosion of debt via health care costs in the coming decades (link). In Nature, Goldstein writes:
As population growth marked the twentieth century, population ageing will mark the twenty-first. By 2020, the average European will have fewer years of life expectancy remaining than years he or she has already lived. East Asians will soon follow. Humankind will spend much of the coming decade grappling with questions about how to organize and pay for the care of an increasing elderly population and about who will produce what the elderly consume.
In the longer term, a return to moderate fertility rates in those countries with very low fertility, and increases in immigration can do much to moderate population ageing. Sweden and Japan face quite different demographic futures, because fertility in Sweden is closer to replacement and a small but steady stream of immigrants will make up the difference. In Japan — the world's leader in longevity — fertility remains low, and immigration a major social challenge.
We need demographic research on four fronts addressing population ageing. Low birth rates can perhaps be increased by measures that reconcile work and family, enabling people to have the children they say they want. Fostering the social and economic integration of immigrants is another priority. Health research, helping people to stay younger longer, is already a priority of ageing societies; indeed, so far, the healthy period of life has been lengthening as fast or faster than life expectancy itself. But now — as the first 65-year-old baby-boomers prepare to blow out their birthday candles — we must address the larger question of rescheduling life's turning points, so that people can remain active and productive. The societies that respond to ageing successfully will be those that take advantage of longer life.
The last line of the first paragraph ("Humankind will spend much of the coming decade grappling with questions about how to organize and pay for the care of an increasing elderly population and about who will produce what the elderly consume.") reminded me of references to Atlas Shrugged. Although I still haven't read it, in the wake of the US government's response to the current economic crisis I see it frequently invoked by pundits (link) and common-man political conservatives as a prophecy that the "producers" will eventually rebel against being taxed to support the "poor" and "lazy." It's ironic that the big crisis that is coming is not whether or not the "producers" will be willing and able to support the poor and the immigrants (another common target of conservative scorn) but rather whether they will be willing and able to support the elderly (who, coincidentally, have recently been flocking to the Republican party: link)...and that our ability to successfully attract and integrate young immigrants will be crucial to facing this challenge.
Another item that caught my attention was soil. David R. Montgomery writes:
To avoid the mistakes of past societies, as 2020 approaches, the world must address global soil degradation, one of this century's most insidious and under-acknowledged challenges. Humanity has already degraded or eroded the topsoil off more than a third of all arable land. We continue to lose farmland at about 0.5% a year — yet expect to feed more than 9 billion people later this century.
During the twentieth century, the Haber–Bosch process (allowing the mass production of nitrogen-based fertilizers) and the Green Revolution effectively divorced agriculture from soil stewardship. Increased yields were supported by intensive fertilizer inputs and mechanization that simplified and devastated soil life, reducing native soil fertility. For example, research in some conventional agricultural settings shows that other species such as bacteria have virtually replaced mycorrhizal fungi, which deliver soil nutrients to most plants. In a post-petroleum world, as the era of cheap fossil-fuel-produced fertilizers comes to an end, conventional, high-input agriculture is neither sustainable nor resilient. Ensuring future food security and environmental protection will require thoughtfully tailoring farming practices to the soils of individual landscapes and farms, rather than continuing to rely on erosive practices and fertilizer from a bag.
This sentence - "In a post-petroleum world, as the era of cheap fossil-fuel-produced fertilizers comes to an end, conventional, high-input agriculture is neither sustainable nor resilient." - really caught my attention. It's not a question of if but when we will be operating in a "post-petroleum world"...and the arrival of that day will require a massive shift in our agricultural practices.
These two topics - demographics and agricultural practices - are examples of the huge problems we have before us. There's no doubt that government will have to play a huge role in solving these problems. However, there is little evidence that it's up to the task...our politics seem to be broken and incapable of producing bold and timely responses to our major problems. The fact that half of us see government as being more of a problem creator than a problem solver makes me wonder how we can possibly respond effectively to our changing world.
The third topic from the nature story that piqued my interest was lasers and their potential to be part of the solution to our energy problems. Thomas M. Baer and Nicholas P. Bigelow write:
Next-generation lasers will allow the creation of new states of matter, compressing and heating materials to temperatures found only in the centres of massive stars, and at pressures that can squeeze hydrogen atoms together to a density 50 times greater than that of lead. The resulting fusion reactions may one day be harnessed to provide almost limitless carbon-free energy. Enough fusion fuel is present in the oceans to supply the current energy needs of the entire world for longer than the age of the Universe.
When so many of our pressing problems can be reduced to problems of energy supply, breakthroughs like this seem to be critical. I realize that enormous sums of money are already devoted to research like this, but I wonder if we are making appropriately-large bets given the enormous payout of success...and if research funding can be sustained at appropriate levels in the coming decades.
Reconciliation
Submitted by Jonathan on Thu, 2010-02-25 23:50Apparently the Democrats are steeling themselves to go it alone and pass health care reform via reconciliation (link):
...Obama is saying that unless Republicans support comprehensive reform as Obama and Dems have defined it — dealing with the problem of 30 million uninsured and, by extension, seriously tackling the preexisting condition problem — they will almost certainly move forward with reconciliation.
As they do, I'm sure the claims that they're ramming an unpopular bill down our throats or ramming it through Congress will only get louder. Here is what I think is important to keep in mind (hats off to Ezra Klein and Greg Sargent)...
The health plan is unpopular.
That plot illustrates the enormous success that the opponents of reform have had in shifting public opinion. Much of that unpopularity comes from people who think it goes too far, but a significant fraction from people who don't think it goes far enough...who think single-payer or a public option is a necessary element of real reform, for example. On the other hand, the individual components of the bill are quite popular (link):
As Klein puts it (link):
Health-care reform is unpopular. But if you actually tell people what's in the health-care reform bill, then it becomes quite popular.
This says to me that the polling that says that health care reform is "unpopular" is not a strong argument for killing Obamacare. Furthermore, (link):
If polls are so important to the Republicans, why aren't they for the public option?
Although it's not in the Senate bill, most Americans support the public option (a health insurance plan offered by the U.S. government) (link, link).
Obamacare gets portrayed as a radical, partisan plan...but "Republican" ideas are prominent in it (link), and the current Senate bill is much closer to 1993's proposal by moderate Republican Chafee than Boehner's plan is (link). Again from Klein (link):
We've got a situation in which Democrats are essentially pushing moderate Republican ideas while Republicans push extremely conservative ideas, but because neither the press nor the voters know very much about health-care policy, the fact that Republicans refuse to admit that Democrats have massively compromised their vision is enough to convince people that Democrats aren't compromising.
Republicans are generally wary of allowing the federal government to define the characteristics of minimally-acceptable health insurance. Klein points out that this philosophical opposition doesn't prevent them from defining minimum standards of their own (link):
Philosophically, Republicans do have a disagreement with this. It's regulation, after all. But in practice, they accept it. When Republican passed health savings accounts into law, they included definitions of the minimum standards a plan had to meet to qualify. When they passed the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit into law, they defined what a plan would have to do to qualify for the program.
Klein makes another good point today (link):
There's a difference between the statements "America has the best health-care system in the world" and "With enough money, you can purchase the best health care in the world in America." But that difference gets run over in political conversations. Sen. John Barrasso, for instance, just mentioned that a Canadian premier recently got heart surgery in Miami. Best health care in the world, baby!
America has about 50 million uninsured people within its borders. Canada has exactly 13 premiers. People should ask themselves a very simple question: Do they think they are likelier to lose their job and fall into the health-care situation of the uninsured or become an influential politician and enjoy the health-care options available to the most powerful people in the world?
The complaint that I expect hear most in the coming days is that it will be a travesty to pass Obamacare via reconciliation (i.e. with a 51-vote simple majority rather than a 60-vote supermajority in the Senate). For example, Bill Frist in today's Wall Street Journal (link):
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid has announced that while Democrats have a number of options to complete health-care legislation, he may use the budget reconciliation process to do so. This would be an unprecedented, dangerous and historic mistake.
Budget reconciliation is an arcane Senate procedure whereby legislation can be passed using a lowered threshold of requisite votes (a simple majority) under fast-track rules that limit debate. This process was intended for incremental changes to the budget—not sweeping social legislation.
Using the budget reconciliation procedure to pass health-care reform would be unprecedented because Congress has never used it to adopt major, substantive policy change. The Senate's health bill is without question such a change: It would fundamentally alter one-fifth of our economy.
However, as Julie Rovner pointed out (link), during the past 30 years reconciliation has been used many times and is actually the norm for major changes in health care. A quick summary:
1982 — TEFRA: The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act first opened Medicare to HMOs
1986 — COBRA: The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act allowed people who were laid off to keep their health coverage, and stopped hospitals from dumping ER patients unable to pay for their care
1987 — OBRA '87: Added nursing home protection rules to Medicare and Medicaid, created no-fault vaccine injury compensation program
1989 — OBRA '89: Overhauled doctor payment system for Medicare, created new federal agency on research and quality of care
1990 — OBRA '90: Added cancer screenings to Medicare, required providers to notify patients about advance directives and living wills, expanded Medicaid to all kids living below poverty level, required drug companies to provide discounts to Medicaid
1993 — OBRA '93: created federal vaccine funding for all children
1996 — Welfare Reform: Separated Medicaid from welfare
1997 — BBA: The Balanced Budget Act created the state-federal childrens' health program called CHIP
2005 — DRA: The Deficit Reduction Act reduced Medicaid spending, allowed parents of disabled children to buy into Medicaid
As another example, Timothy Noah chronicles how welfare reform was accomplished (link).
Finally, Ezra Klein makes another good point on this topic (link):
It's a bit annoying, though, that Democrats keep justifying the reconciliation process based on the fact that Republicans have done it, too. The reconciliation process makes sense because majority votes make sense.
Health Care Reform and the National Debt
Submitted by Jonathan on Thu, 2010-02-18 23:43Current tax rates are relatively low by historical standards. Here is a table and plot of the rates going back to 1913: link
They're also relatively low by international standards. See Table 1 in this article from Forbes: link
The combination of our aging demographics and skyrocketing health care costs means higher taxes are inevitable. See Figure 1 here regarding the coming debt explosion which will be driven primarily by health care costs: link
If you care about the debt and taxes, then the status quo regarding health care is not an option. Things like tort reform won't make a significant difference. The non-partisan CBO has estimated that it would only lower health care spending by 0.5 % (link), and the story is much the same for selling insurance across state lines (link).
More fundamental reform is required, yet even the relatively modest currently-proposed reforms are nearly dead. This doesn’t look good.
Update 2009-02-19:
Admittedly, federal income tax rates don't tell the full story about the tax burden. However, the international comparison in the Forbes article is total taxes (federal, state, and local). In terms of historical U.S. figures, the data from The Tax Foundation show that local and state taxes as a percentage of income have remained stable for the last 30 years (link). In terms of % of GDP (another metric of the tax burden), this figure shows that state and local taxes rose steadily from 1945 to 1970, but not astronomically (link). None of these data support the view that taxes are currently abnormally high. Given the impending debt explosion driven by demographics and health care costs, I'm betting taxes will rise eventually no matter which party is in power.
That Was Then and This Is Now
Submitted by Jonathan on Tue, 2010-02-16 22:42History does not record that Samuel Adams charged a fee for addressing the rally at the Old South Meeting House on Nov. 29, 1773, at which he rallied the Sons of Liberty to resist the British, leading to the Boston Tea Party. But that was then and this is now.
Garrison Keillor - link
Negotiation
Submitted by Jonathan on Wed, 2010-02-03 22:05Has Karl Rove forgotten about the 3 months Max Baucus spent negotiating the Senate health care bill with Enzi, Grassley, and Snowe in the Gang of 6 or is he just lying about it? (link)
Mr. Obama's problems remain reality rather than optics. Over the past year, he hemmed himself in by leaving it to Democratic congressional leaders to draft his health-care reform and other items of his agenda and by not pressing those leaders to negotiate with Republicans.
It's not that they didn't negotiate...on the health care bill, on the stimulus...They negotiated and compromised on the size of the stimulus, on the details of health care reform. They just didn't get any Republican votes for it. This is an unfortunate trend of compromising without getting anything in return or not even bothering to bargain (link).
Teleprompter Derangement Syndrome
Submitted by Jonathan on Sat, 2010-01-30 00:39Oh ye of the teleprompter derangement syndrome. You who love to ridicule the president for his reliance on teleprompters...implying that it means he's not really much of a speaker...or doesn't really believe what he says...or that he's not actually all that bright...or whatever it is that you think makes it worthy of ridicule. First of all, go back and read Bush speechwriter Michael Gerson's article from last March about Obama and his teleprompter (link). It's not as if Gerson doesn't write some rich stuff (a Bush speechwriter criticizing a president for not sufficiently owning up to his mistakes? please!: link), but I thought he was right on with his analysis back in March and still do. An excerpt:
This derision is based on the belief that the teleprompter exaggerates the gap between image and reality -- that it involves a kind of deception. It is true that there is often a distinction between a president on and off his script. With a teleprompter, Obama can be ambitiously eloquent; without it, he tends to be soberly professorial. Ronald Reagan with a script was masterful; during news conferences he caused much wincing and cringing. It is the rare politician, such as Tony Blair, who speaks off the cuff in beautifully crafted paragraphs.
But it is a mistake to argue that the uncrafted is somehow more authentic. Those writers and commentators who prefer the unscripted, who use "rhetoric" as an epithet, who see the teleprompter as a linguistic push-up bra, do not understand the nature of presidential leadership or the importance of writing to the process of thought.
Governing is a craft, not merely a talent. It involves the careful sorting of ideas and priorities. And the discipline of writing -- expressing ideas clearly and putting them in proper order -- is essential to governing. For this reason, the greatest leaders have taken great pains with rhetoric. Lincoln continually edited and revised his speeches. Churchill practiced to the point of memorization. Such leaders would not have been improved by being "unplugged." When it comes to rhetoric, winging it is often shoddy and self-indulgent -- practiced by politicians who hear Mozart in their own voices while others perceive random cymbals and kazoos. Leaders who prefer to speak from the top of their heads are not more authentic, they are often more shallow -- not more "real," but more undisciplined.
Now watch the video below. Obama spoke at the House Republican retreat in Baltimore today and then spent over an hour in a Q&A session with the House Republicans. You'll notice that teleprompter technology has come a long way since Obama took office. These days they are apparently invisible and able to respond to impromptu questions within seconds with knowledge and insight.
Oh no he didn't. That must have been a fluke (just like the BA from Columbia and graduating magna cum laude from Harvard Law were). I know he didn't just show (again) that he's able to talk intelligently and extensively about policy with or without a teleprompter. Anyway, here is the speech that preceded the Q&A:
Stewart Skewers Olbermann and Colbert Discusses Adolf Carter
Submitted by Jonathan on Fri, 2010-01-22 21:39Here are a couple videos from last night...First, Stewart laments what Olbermann has become:
| The Daily Show With Jon Stewart | Mon - Thurs 11p / 10c | |||
| Special Comment - Keith Olbermann's Name-Calling | ||||
|
||||
Then, Colbert discusses how Obama is apparently "Adolf Carter": somehow "both an iron-fisted autocrat and a laughably incompetent waffler":
| The Colbert Report | Mon - Thurs 11:30pm / 10:30c | |||
| The Word - Two-Faced | ||||
|
||||
Bypassing Conference
Submitted by Jonathan on Tue, 2010-01-05 00:50The Democratic leadership in Congress is making plans to bypass the conference process for working out a compromise between the health care reform bills that passed the House and Senate. From Jonathan Cohn (link):
According to a pair of senior Capitol Hill staffers, one from each chamber, House and Senate Democrats are “almost certain” to negotiate informally rather than convene a formal conference committee. Doing so would allow Democrats to avoid a series of procedural steps--not least among them, a series of special motions in the Senate, each requiring a vote with full debate--that Republicans could use to stall deliberations, just as they did in November and December.
In terms of the optics, this is bad. It confirms the GOP talking-point that reforms the people don’t want are being crafted in secret and rammed through Congress. For example, in the words of a spokesman for John Boehner (link):
“Something as critical as the Democrats’ health care bill, with its Medicare cuts and tax hikes, shouldn’t be slapped together in a shady backroom deal. Skipping a real, open Conference shuts out the American people and breaks one of President Obama’s signature campaign promises. It would be a disgrace — to the Democratic Leaders if they do it, and to every Democratic Member who lets them.”
On the other hand, when it comes to health care reform the Republicans have only a strategy of saying “No” (Republicans voted against the House version 176 to 1; Republicans voted against the Senate version 39 to 0). Contrary to the talking point that the Democrats have ignored Republicans in shaping the bills and are rushing reform, the original timelines were much delayed while the Gang of 6 (link) worked deliberately on a bipartisan bill. Even the Republican participation in those negotiations was questionable (e.g., Grassley: link and link). Even after significantly influencing the Senate bill, none of Republican members of the Gang of 6 voted for it. Even after reform bills had passed both houses of Congress, the GOP Senate leadership was still vowing to keep fighting (link). Given these realities, it seems like the Republicans have already said “No” to reform. Why indulge the Republicans’ plans to further obstruct?
Apparently, bypassing conference isn’t especially unusual (link):
Hill aides say it often happens with major or contentious pieces of legislation (though not apparently in this current Congress). "This is what we normally do," said one Hill aide, "it is pretty standard."
But it’s certainly nothing like what Obama promised during the campaign (link):
I'm going to have all the negotiations around a big table. We'll have doctors and nurses and hospital administrators. Insurance companies, drug companies -- they'll get a seat at the table, they just won't be able to buy every chair. But what we will do is, we'll have the negotiations televised on C-SPAN, so that people can see who is making arguments on behalf of their constituents, and who are making arguments on behalf of the drug companies or the insurance companies. And so, that approach, I think is what is going to allow people to stay involved in this process.
As a bonus, here’s a plot (link) of life expectancy vs. health care spending for various countries (with the size of the circle proportional to the number of doctor visits per person):
Maddow on Politicizing Abdulmutallab’s Attack
Submitted by Jonathan on Fri, 2010-01-01 15:24In this embedded video segment Maddow examines the Republican response to the Christmas Bomber.
Examples:
- Criticizing allowing Abdulmutallab to “lawyer up” even though “shoe bomber” Richard Reid and 9/11 co-conspirator Zacarias Moussaoui were treated the same under Cheney
- Criticizing how long it took Obama to comment despite the fact that Bush waited much longer before commenting about Richard Reid

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